Blood contact devices refer to medical devices that come into contact with human blood during use, such as vascular access products (indwelling needle cannulas, central venous catheters, etc.), extracorporeal life support products (hemodialyzers, membrane oxygenators, etc.), and cardiovascular implant products (artificial blood vessels, heart valves, etc.). When the surfaces of these devices come into contact with blood, they will activate coagulation reactions by adsorbing proteins, platelets, and cells in the blood, and even produce thrombi. In the absence of any anticoagulant measures, varying degrees of thrombotic complications often occur.
Anticoagulant coating is the most effective way to solve the problem of blood clots on device surfaces. According to different anticoagulation mechanisms, commercial anticoagulation coatings can be divided into two categories: inert and active. The main components of inert anticoagulant coatings are generally biologically inert hydrophilic polymers or biomolecules. The main function of this type of coating is to reduce the adsorption of blood proteins and blood cells on the product surface, thereby reducing the degree of coagulation reaction. Therefore, the anticoagulant effect of inert anticoagulant coatings can be evaluated through quantitative detection of protein adsorption methods such as isotope labeling. The most widely used active anticoagulant coating is heparin coating, which can block the coagulation reaction based on the activation effect of heparin itself on antithrombin in the blood. Therefore, the anticoagulant activity of heparin coatings can be evaluated by partial thrombin activation time (PTT).
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